大腸鏡檢查過程

檢查過程

病者須作左側臥，雙膝向上屈曲。 為確保病人安全，醫生會為病人全程監察血壓、心跳及血含氧量。 檢查進行前，醫生先替病人麻醉。 大腸鏡以肛門為入口, 檢查大腸各個部位, 包括: 乙狀結腸、降結腸、橫結腸、升結腸及盲腸。檢查期間，醫生會輸入空氣令本來摺疊的腸道張開，以便清晰檢查腸內各位置的狀況。 一旦發現瘜肉、潰瘍、腫瘤或病變，醫生會使用儀器將瘜肉切除、止血或抽取組織作進一步化驗。 檢查過程約需三十分鐘至一小時。

資料來源：psclinic.com.hk
以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途，如果你有任何醫療問題，
應向外科醫生查詢，而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

我…需要照大腸鏡嗎?

腸癌是香港第二號殺手。如果你年屆五十，或身體出現以下任何情況，請主動向醫生查詢你是否需要作一次「大腸鏡檢查」。

• 近期大便習慣改變 (經常便秘 / 肚瀉)
• 糞便持續帶血或黏液
• 腹部有腫塊
• 持續腹痛
• 原因不明之貧血
• 患有慢性腸炎
• 近親患有大腸癌

資料來源：psclinic.com.hk
以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途，如果你有任何醫療問題，
應向外科醫生查詢，而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

常見的大腸癌療法

常見的大腸癌療法有以下三類:

1. 外科手術

• 右結腸切除術 Right hemicolectomy
• 橫結腸切除術 Transverse colectomy
• 左結腸切除術 Left hemicolectomy
• 乙結腸切除術 Sigmoidectomy
• 直腸切除術 Anterior resection /LAR/ TME
• 腹會陰聯合切除術Abdominoperineal resection

2. 化學療法

3. 放射療法


資料來源：psclinic.com.hk
以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途，如果你有任何醫療問題，
應向外科醫生查詢，而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

誰人最有機會患上大腸癌 ?

誰人最有機會患上大腸癌 ?

• 所有五十歲或以上人士
• 自己曾經患有大腸瘜肉或有炎症性腸病的病歷
• 家人曾被證實患上大腸癌(尤其45歲前患病親屬)
• 家人曾有患大腸瘜肉的病歷

與生活習慣相關的風險因素

1. 超重或肥胖
2. 缺乏體能活動
3. 飲食中包含大量紅肉及加工肉類
4. 飲用酒精
5. 飲食中的纖維含量不足
6. 吸煙

如何預防大腸癌

1. 清除風險因素
2. 改善生活飲食習慣
3. 定期大腸檢查

資料來源：psclinic.com.hk
以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途，如果你有任何醫療問題，
應向外科醫生查詢，而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

    

包皮環切術後的護理

手術後患者或會感到傷口有輕微痛楚，可遵醫生處方服食止痛藥。手術後24小時後方可沐浴，避免浸浴，並用清水沖洗傷口位置。患者要每天使用消毒藥水或生理鹽水清理傷口，然後用紗布包紮。傷口周圍或會滲出透明黃色分泌物，有輕微滲血或紅腫，惟一星期內便會逐漸消失。手術後穿著緊身內褲或泳褲，可以保護傷口免受碰撞，而保持陰莖向上，可減少龜頭水腫。

此外，手術後患者最好坐下來小便，免弄濕紗布，一旦弄濕紗布，應自行更換。若發現傷口滲血，可自行按住傷口數分鐘止血。
不過，如傷口大量出血、四周紅腫發炎或發燒等，便應盡快通知醫生檢查。

資料來源：psclinic.com.hk
以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途，如果你有任何醫療問題，
應向外科醫生查詢，而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

倒甲治療

治療方法分為保守及手術治療兩種。不過，預防勝於治療，養成正確的修甲方法可以有效預防倒甲，避免腳甲發炎。正確的修甲方法是把指甲兩側剪平，而把兩側剪弧形是不正確的修甲方法。

保守治療

保守治療利用止痛藥及抗生素控制炎症，而且可以運用小工具防止趾甲嵌入(見圖示)

倒甲手術

手術治療以清除甲基質為目的，防止趾甲重生。以下是常見的倒甲手術方法:

• 手術切除 (wedge excision)
• 以藥物破壞趾甲的根部 (Phenol)
• 以鐳射激光(Laser)或高温射頻 (radiofrequency)射入甲床的根部，使其破壞不再生長，激光亦氣化了甲床組織，令腫脹情況減少。

資料來源：psclinic.com.hk
以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途，如果你有任何醫療問題，
應向外科醫生查詢，而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

Colonoscopy (2)

Procedure:

• Lay on the left side, knees bending towards the abdomen
• Doctors would monitor patient’s vital signs throughout the procedure to ensure safety
• Anesthesia will be given before the procedure
• The endoscope enters through the anus, and travel through the colon, to examine sigmoid colon, descending colon, transverse colon, ascending colon and appendix. Air will be inflated into the colon for better vision of the inner wall.
• Any polyps, ulcer, tumors or any abnormality is observed, it will be surgically removed for further laboratory testing
• The procedure lasts for about 30-60 minutes.

Precautions after procedure

• Once recovered, normal diet can be resumed in most cases.
• Since air is inflated into the intestine, the abdomen will be slightly swollen and flatulence is frequent, but it will eventually diminish.
• Ask for family or friends for company.
• Avoid alcohol, driving or signing important documents within 24 hours.
• If there is any severe abdominal pain or excessive bleeding observed in the anus, please contact medical professionals.

Is colonoscopy safe?

With over 20 years of history, the safety of colonoscopy is well proven. Also, doctor will assess the risk of the procedure to minimize the risk of complications.

• The risk of intestinal perforation due to polyp removal is less than 1 in 2000.
• Mild bleeding will be observed in the site of incision, which will clot by itself, the chance is about 2%.

Reference: psclinic.com.hk
The information aims to provide educational purpose only. Anyone reading it should consult Surgery Specialist before considering treatment and should not rely on the information above.

Colonoscopy (1)

Our colon has a great workload every day – digesting, absorbing and eliminating the food we eat. To maintain a healthy gut, a balanced diet and regular colonoscopy work hand in hand.

Do I need a colonoscopy?

Colon cancer is the second cancer killer in Hong Kong. If you are over 50, or with any problems as stated below, please seek advice from your doctor if you need a colonoscopy.

1. Changes in fecal habits (constant diarrhea / constipation)
2. Feaces with blood or mucus
3. Lumps in the abdomen
4. Continuous abdominal pain
5. Anemia without a known cause
6. Chronic enteritis
7. Family history of colon cancer

What is colonoscopy?

Colonoscopy is a kind of endoscopy which aims at examining the inner wall of the colon. Colonoscopy is made of a very fine optic fiber with a camera at the tip, which sends images of the intestine to a television screen, so doctors can understand the conditions of the patient’s intestine.
Points to note before the examination

• Clear the bowel to remove any fecal substances before the examination. Doctors would prescribe laxatives.
• 3 days before

- Low fiber diet (eg. Rice, noodles, biscuits, winter melon, tofu, fish)
- Avoid high fiber food (eg. Brown rice, oatmeal, fruits, vegetables, fatty meat, roasted meat)

• 1 day before:

- Fluid diet only (eg. Tea, clear soup, rice water, glucose or electrolyte drinks)
- Avoid milk, vegetable juice, grapefruit juice

• 6 hours before:

- Sip of water only (no food allowed)
- Before the examination, you will be given a surgical gown, and taking off all the accessories, including any metal substances, contact lens and dentures.


Reference: psclinic.com.hk
The information aims to provide educational purpose only. Anyone reading it should consult Surgery Specialist before considering treatment and should not rely on the information above.